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Perhaps the easiest way to get netCDF is to get a pre-built binary distribution. To get them, see http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/binaries.html.
To install the binary distribution, uncompress and unpack the tar file. You will end up with 4 subdirectories, lib, include, man, and bin.
The lib subdirectory holds the netCDF libraries (C, Fortran, and C++). The include directory holds the necessary netcdf.h file (for C), netcdf.inc (for Fortran), netcdfcpp.h (for C++), and the .mod files (for Fortran 90). The bin directory holds the ncgen and ncdump utilities, and the man directory holds the netCDF documentation.
You can have these directories anywhere you like, and use netCDF. But when compiling a netCDF program, you will have to tell the linker where to find the library (e.g. with the -L option of most C compilers), and you will also have to tell the C pre-processor where to find the include file (e.g. with the -I option).
If you are using shared libraries, you will also have to specify the library location for run-time dynamic linking. See your compiler documentation. For some general information see the netCDF FAQ “How do I use shared libraries” at http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/faq.html#using_shared_p.
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